Construction and screening of a pea root cDNA library

A cDNA library was synthesized using poly(A)(^+) RNA purified from the total RNA from roots of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Ten representative clones encoding abundant root proteins were isolated from the library after screening using colony hybridization method which were probed by the root cDNAs. Freeze elation technique was used to extract three different partial pea root-specific genes which have been cloned in plasmid vectors pUC18 previously. These purified DNAs were radiolabelled and then used to probe with the library. One of the probes namely pPR179 was found to be highly specific and hybridized strongly to some of the root cDNA clones. This allowed full-length cDNAs that encoded root-specific pro- tein(s) to be identified for subsequent analysis. Restriction patterns of the pea root cDNA-plasmid pUC19 recombinants revealed some artefactual cDNAs were synthesized and possible explanations were attempted

Cannabinoids: A New Group of Agonists of PPARs

Cannabinoids have been used medicinally and recreationally for thousands of years and their effects were proposed to occur mainly via activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor CB1/CB2 (cannabinoid receptor 1/2). Discovery of potent synthetic analogs of the natural cannabinoids as clinically useful drugs is the sustained aim of cannabinoid research. This demands that these new compounds be free of the psychotropic effects that connected with the recreational use of cannabinoids. In preclinical studies cannabinoids displayed many of the characteristics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and it seems to be free of unwanted side effects. An increasing number of therapeutic actions of cannabinoid are being reported that do not appear to be mediated by either CB1 or CB2, and recently nuclear receptor superfamily PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) have been suggested as the target of certain cannabinoids. This review summarizes the evidence for cannabinoid activation on PPARs and possible associated remedial potentials

Ligand exchange reactions of [Re₂(μ-OR)₃(CO)₆]⁻(R = H, Me) with sulfur, selenium, phosphorus and nitrogen donor ligands, investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry

Negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the reactions of the dinuclear rhenium aggregates [Re₂(μ-OH)₃(CO)₆]⁻ 1 and [Re₂(μ-OMe)₃(CO)₆]⁻ 2 with a range of thiols, benzeneselenol, and some other sulfur-, phosphorus- and nitrogen-based ligands. Typically up to three of the hydroxo ligands are replaced by simple thiolates, giving the series of species [Re₂(OH)₂(SR)(CO)₆]⁻, [Re₂(OH)(SR)₂(CO)₆]⁻, and [Re₂(SR)₃(CO)₆]⁻. Similarly, reaction of 1 with H₂S gives the species [Re₂(μ-SH)₃(CO)₆]⁻, which undergoes an analogous fragmentation process to [Re₂(μ-OH)₃(CO)₆]⁻, at high cone voltages, by loss of H₂S and formation of [Re₂(S)(SH)(CO)₆]⁻. With ligands which are good chelating agents (such as dithiocarbamates R₂NCS₂⁻, and thiosalicylic acid, HSC₆H₄CO₂H) initial substitution of one or two OH groups readily occurs, but on standing the dimer is cleaved giving [Re(S₂CNR₂)₂(CO)₃]⁻ and [Re(SC₆H₄CO₂)(CO)₃]⁻. The different reactivities of the dithiol reagents benzene-1,2- and benzene-1,4-dimethanethiol towards 1 are also described. Complex 1 also reacts with aniline, and with primary (but not secondary) amides RC(O)NH₂, giving monosubstituted species [Re₂(OH)₂(NHPh)(CO)₆]⁻ and [Re₂(OH)₂{NHC(O)R}(CO)₆]⁻ respectively. The reactions with adenine and thymine, and with the inorganic anions thiocyanate and thiosulfate, are also described

Effect of power state on absorption cross section of personal computer components

Knowledge of the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure is important for the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic systems. The shielding effectiveness of an enclosure depends on the absorption cross section of its contents. It might be expected that the energy absorption in an electronic circuit changes according to the operating state of the semiconductor devices which compose the active components. In most published research, the absorption cross section measurements were performed when the contents were unpowered. In this paper we compare the measured absorption cross sections of the components of a personal computer in powered and unpowered states. Comparisons indicate that power and the particular operating configuration do not have a significant influence on the absorption cross section. This means that the process of determining absorption cross sections of circuit boards and other components can be easily achieved without the need to provide power and define a particular operating state

Epidemiologie und Therapie der pädiatrischen Psoriasis - eine monozentrische Analyse

Kinder stellen eine wenig untersuchte Gruppe innerhalb der Psoriasispatienten dar. Charakterisiert wird dies vor allem durch die limitierten Optionen einer über die Lokaltherapie hinausreichenden Systemtherapie. In Deutschland sind für pädiatrische Patienten zur systemischen Therapie der Plaque Psoriasis und der PsA Biologicals zugelassen, während ältere Therapeutika zuvor und weiterhin eine off-label Anwendung erfahren. Ziel dieser Analyse war es daher sowohl Epidemiologie als auch durchgeführte Therapien mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die klassischen Systemtherapeutika hinsichtlich Verträglichkeit und Effektivität zu untersuchen. Es konnten 440 pädiatrische Patienten mit einer Psoriasis in die Auswertung eingeschlossen werden. Der Großteil dieser Patienten litt unter einer Psoriasis vulgaris mit einer annähernden 1:1 Verteilung der Geschlechter. Hiervon erhielten 70 eine Systemtherapie, von denen 39 lang genug am Zentrum verblieben, um weiter ausgewertet werden zu können. In der Erstlinientherapie erhielten 34 Patienten FSE und 5 Patienten MTX. FSE erfuhr nach der Erstlinientherapie 20 Therapiewechsel, MTX wurde 2-mal umgestellt. In der Zweitlinientherapie erhielten 14 Patienten MTX mit Therapiewechsel in 7 weiteren Fällen. Es zeigten sich unter FSE ein PASI-75+ bei 55,9% (n=19) und bei MTX bei 60% (n=12) der Patienten bei medianer Behandlungsdauer von jeweils 27 und 25-26 Monaten, jedoch deutlich höheren maximalen Therapiedauern unter FSE mit 113 Monaten im Vergleich mit 68 Monaten unter MTX. Unerwünschte Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen traten unter FSE bei 76,5% (n=26) und unter MTX bei 55% (n=11) der Patienten auf und führten insgesamt 20-mal zum Therapieabbruch. Eine statistische Signifikanz ergab sich auf Grund der niedrigen Patientenzahlen nicht, so dass für zukünftige Studien höhere Fallzahlen angestrebt werden sollten, um das Ansprechen von MTX und FSE in einer hohen dreistelligen Kohorte beurteilen zu können

ANALISIS YURIDIS KEBIJAKAN IZIN USAHA PARIWISATA DI DAERAH KHUSUS IBUKOTA JAKARTA DITINJAU DARI PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG PARIWISATA DAN PERATURAN GUBERNUR NOMOR 18 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG PENYELENGGARAAN USAHA PARIWISATA

Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta adalah salah satu destinasi wisata yang memiliki keunikan dan daya saing baik dalam lingkungan nasional, regional maupun global, sehingga sektor kepariwisataan dapat memberi konstribusi dalam peningkatan PAD (Pendapatan Asli Daerah). Kebijakan yang berlaku dibidang pariwisata bukan hanya sebagai fasilitator dalam mewujudkan perlindungan hukum dan kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha namun juga diharapkan dapat memperluas dan membuat pemerataan kesempatan usaha serta lapangan pekerjaan sehingga mampu mendorong laju pertumbuhan perekonomian di DKI Jakarta.Kata Kunci : Pariwisata, Izin Pariwisat

Osteocyte-Driven Downregulation of Snail Restrains Effects of Drd2 Inhibitors on Mammary Tumor Cells

While bone is a frequent target of breast cancer-associated metastasis, little is known about the effects of tumor-bone interactions on the efficacy of tumor-suppressing agents. Here we examined the effect of two FDA-approved dopamine modulators, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine, on mammary tumor cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. These agents suppressed proliferation and migration of mammary tumor cells chiefly by antagonizing dopamine receptor D2 and reduced bone resorption by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1). Three-dimensional spheroid formation assays revealed that tumor cells have high affinity to osteocytes and type I collagen, and interactions with osteocytes as well as administration of fluphenazine and trifluoperazine downregulated Snail and suppressed migratory behaviors. Unlike the inhibitory action of fluphenazine and trifluoperazine on tumor growth, tumor-osteocyte interactions stimulated tumor proliferation by upregulating NFκB and Akt. In the bone microenvironment, osteocytes downregulated Snail and acted as an attractant as well as a stimulant to mammary tumor cells. These results demonstrate that tumor-osteocyte interactions strengthen dopamine receptor-mediated suppression of tumor migration but weaken its inhibition of tumor proliferation in the osteocyte-rich bone microenvironment.Significance: These findings provide novel insight into the cellular cross-talk in the bone microevironment and the effects of dopamine modulators on mammary tumor cells and osteocytes. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3865-76. ©2018 AACR